Pillars

Islam has five pillars of practice and six articles of faith. This section takes each of the eleven in turn: it sets out what it is in Islam, from the Quran and the sound hadith, and then looks for the same thing in the Hebrew Bible, the Samaritan Torah and the New Testament. It is education, written to show that the earlier prophets taught the same faith, and it does not hide where the later doctrines of those communities part from Islam.

“Al-Islam implies that you testify that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, and you establish prayer, pay Zakat, observe the fast of Ramadan, and perform pilgrimage to the (House) if you are solvent enough (to bear the expense of) the journey. … That you affirm your faith in Allah, in His angels, in His Books, in His Apostles, in the Day of Judgment, and you affirm your faith in the Divine Decree about good and evil.”
The angel Gabriel, in the form of a man, asks the Prophet (ﷺ) about Islam and then about Iman. The first answer lists the five pillars of Islam; the second lists the six articles of Iman. The same hadith is in Bukhari 50, in shorter form. Narrated by Umar ibn al-Khattab. English as shown on sunnah.com.
Sahih al-Bukhari 8Sahih (Bukhari)
“Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said: Islam is based on (the following) five (principles): 1. To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad is Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ). 2. To offer the (compulsory congregational) prayers dutifully and perfectly. 3. To pay Zakat (i.e. obligatory charity) . 4. To perform Hajj. (i.e. Pilgrimage to Mecca) 5. To observe fast during the month of Ramadan.”
Narrated by Ibn Umar. English as shown on sunnah.com.
Sahih al-Bukhari 50Sahih (Bukhari)
“Faith is to believe in Allah, His angels, (the) meeting with Him, His Apostles, and to believe in Resurrection. … That was Gabriel who came to teach the people their religion.”
Narrated by Abu Huraira. English as shown on sunnah.com.
“but [true] righteousness is [in] one who believes in Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the prophets”
“O you who have believed, believe in Allah and His Messenger and the Book that He sent down upon His Messenger and the Scripture which He sent down before. And whoever disbelieves in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, and the Last Day has certainly gone far astray.”
5 Pillars of Islam

The pillars of practice. The Prophet (ﷺ) said that Islam is built on five, and the hadith of Jibril above gives the same five.

1

The Shahada

Testimony of faith
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2

Salah

Prayer
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3

Zakah

Obligatory charity
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4

Sawm

Fasting in Ramadan
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5

Hajj

Pilgrimage to the House
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6 Pillars of Iman

The articles of faith. The Quran lists most of them in 2:177 and 4:136, and the hadith of Jibril gives all six.

1

Belief in Allah

Tawhid
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2

Belief in the Angels

Malaikah
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3

Belief in the Books

Kutub
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4

Belief in the Messengers

Rusul
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5

Belief in the Last Day

Yawm al-Qiyamah
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6

Belief in Qadr

The Divine Decree
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The thesis

One faith, taught by every prophet

The Quran says the same core message came to every messenger. If that is so, traces of it should still be found in the earlier scriptures. Each pillar page tests this passage by passage: where the earlier text says the same thing, we show it, and where it does not, we say so.

“And We sent not before you any messenger except that We revealed to him that, ‘There is no deity except Me, so worship Me.’”
“He has ordained for you of religion what He enjoined upon Noah and that which We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], and what We enjoined upon Abraham and Moses and Jesus - to establish the religion and not be divided therein.”
“Say, ‘We have believed in Allah and in what was revealed to us and what was revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Descendants, and in what was given to Moses and Jesus and to the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and we are Muslims [submitting] to Him.’”
“Say, [O believers], ‘We have believed in Allah and what has been revealed to us and what has been revealed to Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the Descendants and what was given to Moses and Jesus and what was given to the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and we are Muslims [in submission] to Him.’”
Sahih al-Bukhari 3443Sahih (Bukhari)
“The prophets are paternal brothers; their mothers are different, but their religion is one.”
Narrated by Abu Huraira. English as shown on sunnah.com.
How to read these pages
Sources

Quran (Sahih International, via api.alquran.cloud; links go to quran.com)

Hadith (English from sunnah.com)