Muslims believe the dead will be raised and every person judged for what he did. The Hebrew Bible speaks of those who sleep in the dust awaking, and the Gospels of a gathering of all nations and a judgment. The Day, the resurrection and the weighing of deeds are common ground.
What it is in Islam
The Quran says the Hour is coming, that every deed will be seen, and that on that Day the command is with Allah alone.
“And [that they may know] that the Hour is coming - no doubt about it - and that Allah will resurrect those in the graves.”
“So whoever does an atom’s weight of good will see it, And whoever does an atom’s weight of evil will see it.”
“Every soul will taste death, and you will only be given your [full] compensation on the Day of Resurrection. So he who is drawn away from the Fire and admitted to Paradise has attained [his desire]. And what is the life of this world except the enjoyment of delusion.”
“It is the Day when a soul will not possess for another soul [power to do] a thing; and the command, that Day, is [entirely] with Allah.”
“Whoever has wronged his brother, should ask for his pardon (before his death), as (in the Hereafter) there will be neither a Dinar nor a Dirham.”
Narrated by Abu Huraira. English as shown on sunnah.com.
In the earlier scriptures
Passages are the King James Version unless marked otherwise. Each carries a tag: a close parallel, a shared principle, or an interpretation (Muslim or traditional), which is a reading we offer as a reading and not as a proven fact.
“And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake, some to everlasting life, and some to shame and everlasting contempt.”
Many who sleep in the dust awake, some to life and some to shame. Compare Quran 22:7: “Allah will resurrect those in the graves.”
“Thy dead men shall live, together with my dead body shall they arise. Awake and sing, ye that dwell in dust: for thy dew is as the dew of herbs, and the earth shall cast out the dead.”
The dead shall live and the earth shall cast out the dead.
“For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil.”
Every work will be brought into judgment, even what is secret. Compare Quran 99:7–8.
“And before him shall be gathered all nations: and he shall separate them one from another, as a shepherd divideth his sheep from the goats: … And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal.”
All nations gathered and separated; the wicked to punishment and the righteous to life.
“Marvel not at this: for the hour is coming, in the which all that are in the graves shall hear his voice, And shall come forth; they that have done good, unto the resurrection of life; and they that have done evil, unto the resurrection of damnation.”
All who are in the graves come forth, to the resurrection of life or of judgment.
“And as it is appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment:”
Death once, and after it the judgment.
Where this page stands: resurrection and judgment of deeds are plainly in the Hebrew Bible and the Gospels. Who judges, and whether salvation is by faith alone, are not shared, and we say so below.
Where the scriptures differ
Two matters differ from Islam: who sits as judge, and whether deeds count. We show each passage as it is read, then the Quran’s words.
“then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory:”
Christians read the “Son of man” in this passage as Jesus, seated as judge. In Islam the judge on that Day is Allah alone.
“Sovereign of the Day of Recompense.”
“It is the Day when a soul will not possess for another soul [power to do] a thing; and the command, that Day, is [entirely] with Allah.”
“For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast.”
Paul says salvation is by grace through faith and “not of works”. Islam holds that faith and deeds go together and that deeds are weighed.
“So whoever does an atom’s weight of good will see it, And whoever does an atom’s weight of evil will see it.”
“That no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another And that there is not for man except that [good] for which he strives And that his effort is going to be seen -”
Sources
Quran (Sahih International, via api.alquran.cloud; links go to quran.com)
Hadith (English from sunnah.com)
Hebrew Bible and New Testament (King James Version, text via bible-api.com; links go to BibleGateway)